siege of stirling castle trebuchet

During Alexander IIIs reign (1249-1286), a large hunting park existed just to the west of the castle. The simplest way to make these is from a piece of plywood at least 1/4 inch (6.25 mm) thick. yourself happy. Two smaller images from a viewpoint at ground level were produced in this same way. It was the siege at Stirling by Bruce's army that finally persuaded Edward II of England (r. 1302-1327) to lead an army in person to Scotland in 1314. A large number of people are needed to operate a trebuchet, and they need time in order to load the weapon's sling with projectiles and . During the Crusades, Philip II of France named two of the trebuchets he used in the Siege of Acre in 1191 "God's Stone-Thrower" and "Bad Neighbor." [8] During a siege of Stirling Castle in 1304, Edward Longshanks ordered his engineers to make a giant trebuchet for the English army, named "Warwolf". Armed with twelve siege engines, the English laid siege to the castle in April 1304. A trebuchet (French: trbuchet) is a type of catapult that uses a long arm to throw a projectile. "In general, kings like to have big things they can show off.". When you have screenshot of the destroyed castle and paste the image into the space provided below. Edward, however, failed to conquer Scotland in any meaningful way and the Stirling Castle again changed hands in favour of Scotland next year. In the video at the top of the page, we learned about a siege at Stirling Castle in 1304. English soldier: But sir, they have surrendered King Edward I: AND YOU THINK I CARE??? "To Thomas of Viridis Campus (i.e. As close as one could get to a tank in medieval times, this is probably best described as an armoured shed on wheels. The castle present in 1304 was likely an evolving model from an earlier hill fort into the strength and size of a timber-enclosed fortress. According to legend it was the largest trebuchet ever built and could hurl projectiles weighing 300 lbs. Can a trebuchet launch a person? Seriously, get some toys, go outside and play. The greatest of Edward's trebuchets was christened Ludgar, or "the War Wolf." Beyond 'Braveheart': 5 Things We Get Wrong About William Wallace. In a classic act of merciless political drama, Edward refused to accept the garrisons surrender until he made use of his new trebuchet. The project was partly inspired by the opening scenes in the Netflix film 'Outlaw King' which was released at the end of 2018. Edward concluded a temporary peace treaty with France with the clear purpose of invading Scotland in the spring of 1296 (yes, Philip IV did not care a bit about the Scots), and did so in the March of that year. These huge catapults were used by the English in their wars in Scotland. It was a real trebuchet but built purely for fun. Unacceptable! First commissioned by King Edward I of England, the Warwolf is thought to be the largest trebuchet ever built. By the next year, however, Scottish resistance had become stronger than ever, and with Edward out of the country, his forces were defeated by a combined force of Andrew Moray and William Wallace at the Battle of Stirling Bridge on 11th September, 1297. . The most famous historical account of trebuchet use dates back to the siege of Stirling Castle in 1304, when the army of . Stirling Castle. First commissioned by King Edward I of England, the "Warwolf" is thought to be the largest trebuchet ever built. But that didn't stop creative warfighters from devising ways to toss projectiles at each other. Trebuchet weights and projectile weight can vary greatly. Gurstelle explains that Greek fire was a secret weapon of the Byzantine empire that was like "ancient napalm. All rights reserved. A trebuchet uses the force of gravity . Stephen Dillane killing it as usual, great intro and movie.All right belong to Netflix. It was created in Scotland by order of King Edward I of England, during the siege of Stirling Castle, as part of the Scottish Wars of IndependenceScottish Wars of IndependenceThe Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th . Likewise, I've mentioned Warwolf at the Siege of Stirling Castle . Warwolf, War Wolf, atau Ludgar (Loup de Guerre) diyakini merupakan manjanik (trebuchet) terbesar yang pernah ada dalam sejarah.Manjanik ini dibuat di Skotlandia atas perintah Raja Edward I dari Inggris selama pengepungan Kastil Stirling pada saat berkobarnya Perang Kemerdekaan Skotlandia.. Sebelum senjata ini selesai dibangun, pasukan Skotlandia menawarkan untuk menyerah karena mereka takut . Did such a thing exist? Greek Fire, Dead Horses and Severed Heads? Perfoming what are normally quite routine actions such as undo or duplicating selections became frustratingly slow processes. You are now signed up for the Hidden Scotland Journal, a free weekly email. Scale model of Warwolf. Design: Create a trebuchet that can fling a projectile and break the walls of Stirling Castle. So, one more time, get some toys and go outside and play! In 1304 Edward I assaulted Scotland's Stirling Castle using thirteen siege engines, including a springald, a battering ram, and an enormous trebuchet named Warwolf, which, when . By April, the final remaining site of Scottish resistance was the garrison of thirty to forty men at Stirling Castle, led by Sir William Oliphant. King Edward had the castle besieged and bombarded with lead balls, stone balls, and other forms of missiles. With the aid of digital technology, historical advice and a little imagination, I have attempted to reconstruct how the castle might have looked at the time of the assault by King Edward I's army and his mighty war machine, the giant boulder-throwing trebuchet or catapult Loup de Guerre (Fr. Question: The largest trebuchet ever built was called the Warwolf. It is truly surprising that such a record-breaking weapon disappeared without leaving a trace, but it was probably because of the death of Edward I three years later. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The back end of the arm was powered by two . It reportedly took five master carpenters and forty-nine other labourers at least three months to build. Edward I even ordered the lead sheets to be stripped from the roofs of all the churches as far away as St Andrews, transported to Stirling and then melted down to fill its counterweight. The Castles gate was crushed by the huge stones in no time, giving deep satisfaction and pride to the English King. The 3D model contains over 14,000 objects, 197 tree and grassland scatter systems and 1,247 figures and animals. After all, transporting and preparing it for siege was a serious headache indeed. The strong natural defences of the site meant that it was a difficult fortress to capture. Mowbray refuses to let Edward II into the castle. Set-up some cans and knock them down, just to see if Spetzofai is a rustic spicy Greek dish that is made with thick sausages and long green and red peppers in a rich tomato sauce. The computer 3D model that I built for this project was created for the purpose of producing detailed 2D images which is part of my usual workflow. The fearsome engine was christened the "Warwolf". The siege of Stirling Castle was concluded soon after. It was built on the orders of king Edward in 1304 as he laid siege to the Stirling Castle in Scotland. We built a quartet of small trebuchets (8' throwing arm) on wooden wheels. Words by Beth Reid Photography by Simon Hird. [2] For four months the castle was bombarded by lead balls (stripped from nearby church roofs), Greek fire, stone balls, and even some sort of gunpowder mixture. It had been six long years since the defeat of William Wallace and his Scots army, and Edward was impatient to smash down this last bastion of Scot resistance. They became obsolete once the most powerful siege engine of all-the trebuchet-began to dominate European sieges. / Photo by Clarinetlover, . The siege of Stirling Castle began in April of 1304 when Edward's army surrounded the fortress. Had animation been my goal from the beginning, I would have approached this project in a completely different way, most likely by way of a game engine. I directed a competitive Boy Scout campout one year and the theme was medieval. Behind the castle's thick walls, Sir William Oliphant and his Scottish loyalists endured months of aerial bombardment from perhaps the greatest collection of "siege engines" the world had ever seen. . It was powered by gravity rather than torsion. The British company that built the replica War Wolf for "Outlaw King" had previously built a fully functional 24-ton (22-metric ton) trebuchet for Warwick Castle that measured 60 feet (18 meters) tall. Simon and I have attempted to communicate the castle's earliest roots which possibly developed as a timber-enclosure castle from the reigns of Alexander I (early c12th) to Alexander III (mid c13th), and this castle likely evolved from the profile of a much earlier hill fort. 2. It was called the Warwolf. The castle changed hands several times between English and Scottish control during the Wars of Scottish Independence (12961357). . It is not known what defences protected the approaches to the castle so we have had to use some imagination. All of the dimensions of the trebuchet can be adjusted, as well as the masses of the counterweight and payload. Thessalonica was a Byzantine stronghold under attack by the Avars, a collection of Central Asian tribes who used a people-powered trebuchet that was likely inspired by ancient Chinese weaponry. In 1337, a siege by Sir Andrew Murray failed to retake the castle. "Meet the Trebuchet, the Castle-crushing Catapult of the Middle Ages" 4. after seeing the defenses of the scots, he realized a normal trebuchet wouldn't work, and ordered his men to create a trebuchet equal in size to three normal trebuchets. War Wolf needed to be tested. My aerial view of the siege is the largest single image digital reconstruction I have so far produced, and possibly one of my most detailed. The sheer size and destructive potential of Warwolf was too good an opportunity for Edward to miss in asserting his authority over the Scots. The science of Physics was founded on the principles of ballistic The materials to construct it were transported by horse and cart from great distances. On July 20th, the thirty Scots and Sir William Oliphant were allowed to surrender. Contact me if you wish to use my artwork for use in printed books, magazines, posters, broadcast, etc. ", Even before construction could be completed, Scottish soldiers offered surrender, fearing the weapon's potential to destroy the entire castle. It was created in Scotland by order of King Edward I of England, during the siege of Stirling Castle, as part of the Scottish Wars of Independence. And have you heard the tale of the brave soldiers who defended the stronghold of Stirling Castle against the expansionist designs of King Edward Longshanks in 1304. created a successful trebuchet, take a 5. 1304 Stirling: Edward began a siege of Stirling Castle. yea i will refuse their surrender too just to see that weapon work. When the basket is dropped, it pulls down on a rope connected to the short end of a long lever arm that swings on an axel. There have been at least sixteen sieges of Stirling Castle, a strategically important fortification in Stirling, Scotland. His son, Edward II, did not share the enthusiasm of his father for conquests, and might have permanently disassembled the Warwolf and used its wood for other purposes. It was state of the art weaponry for its time and considered to have been the largest trebuchet ever built. Frustrated, Edward gathered a huge sum of over 40 pounds and ordered his best and most trusted engineer, Master James of Saint George, to prepare a trebuchet so large the likes of which the World had never seen! The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The film uses the surrender of the castle as a starting point to illustrate the nadir in . It was given the name 'War Wolf'. "It's all really basic physics at a fundamental level," says Michael Fulton, a history professor at Langara College in British Columbia and author of "Siege Warfare During the Crusades." 3 August 2020. There have been at least sixteen sieges of Stirling Castle, a strategically important fortification in Stirling, Scotland.Stirling is located at the crossing of the River Forth, making it a key location for access to the north of Scotland.The castle changed hands several times between English and Scottish control during the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296-1357). The 3D model was painstakingly built in layers using data obtained from Ordnance Survey maps. [Top] Licensing| Website Cookie Policy and Your Data, Aerial view of the castle, siege and English encampment, Stirling 1304, Alternative view of the siege from the possible site of the English Camp. The trebuchet does not have the range of other weapons, such as a catapult or ballista 4. It is believed to be the largest trebuchet ever made and, when disassembled, filled 30 wagons. They were also used in almost every siege in the Crusades. All rights reserved. The trebuchet is difficult to aim 3. Large scale military sieges of castles were often prolonged and costly affairs lasting for many months. The Warwolf and the Siege of Stirling Castle. A trebuchet is a compounded machine, meaning it uses a combination of simple machines. https://discord.gg/hKb79Tk. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It had to be carried by 30 wagons. King Edward: Seen 12:47. The final siege took place in 1746, when Charles Edward Stuart besieged the castle during the final Jacobite rising. As Fulton says, the smaller trebuchets used in the Holy Land gave way in Western Europe to much larger, heavier trebuchets leading into the fourteenth century; trebuchets whose function was increasingly to batter a fortress' walls, themselves, and either breach them or intimidate the enemy into surrendering, as Edward I did with the massive trebuchet "War Wolf" used against Stirling Castle. In the year 1304, King Edward I of England laid siege to Stirling Castle, home to the last holdouts of a Scottish rebellion. Parents and kids need to Next thing you know, he'll be Impatient with the lack of progress, Edward ordered his chief engineer, Master James of St. George, to begin work on a new, more massive engine called Warwolf (a trebuchet). The siege ended on 24 July after 3 months of bombardment by 12 siege engines including the infamous Warwolf. Since this does little to help us clarify its true appearance, I have had to resort to some imagination here. The campaign was a huge success and after defeating the bulk of Scottish forces at the Battle of Dunbar, Edward removed King Balliol from his throne and sent him to England, even though it was his own decision to make him the King of Scotland in the first place. studying medicine with plans to become a ridiculously high paid sports Must have been terrified of our trebuchet. M. Morris, A Great and Terrible King, 343, Marc Morris: Edward I, A Great and Terrible King, Last edited on 26 November 2022, at 17:13, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sieges_of_Stirling_Castle&oldid=1123960948, This page was last edited on 26 November 2022, at 17:13. . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The project took over five-hundred hours to accomplish, working on it in spare time between other projects over the course of sixteen months. The decision was respected by all involved and Balliol was formally crowned on the 30th of November, 1290. a projectile shooting toy gun as a kid. It's far better than watching re-runs of some lame TV show It is superior to the catapult, as it could be fired from over 300 meters away; it was so devastating, that it continued to be used into the 15th century, even after gunpowder was invented. Edited in Ayrshire, Scotland. Although the Scots tried to surrender before the trebuchet was finished, Edward refused to accept their surrender until after the power of the mighty Nothing against the guys trebuchet at all but, from a Scotsman - fuck you eddie the first ya bawbag! Scottish History. Eventually, a deal was struck and a small part of the garrison was sent back to defend the Castle in a mock siege while the Warwolf bombarbed it. The weapon that dominated siege warfare for 200 years. The arm of a trebuchet is actually a long lever that's swung into motion by pulling downward with ropes or dropping a heavy counterweight. Edward I had captured most of Scotland by April 1304 and embarked upon a nineteen-week siege of the last significant uncaptured fortress at Stirling Castle using twelve siege engines which included the massive trebuchet called "Warwolf".. Grey fought at the siege under the command of Henry de Beaumont. After a series of unsuccessful attempts, both replica siege engines eventually succeeded in striking their targets, although leaving us with the conclusion that the form of Warwolf could have easily been either one of these two designs. Having fulfilled its purpose, the Warwolf was disassembled and packed, never to be seen again! It was created in Scotland by order of King Edward I of England, during the siege of Stirling Castle, as part of the Scottish Wars of Independence. they like to compete. The Warwolf, or War Wolf or Ludgar (French: Loup de Guerre), is believed to be the largest trebuchet ever made. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 1337 - A siege of Stirling Castle by the Scots was unsuccessful 1342 - The future Scottish King Robert Stewart (Robert II) retook Stirling Castle in a successful siege. Although this document is dated over a hundred years after Bannockburn, the image depicts what appears to be a substantial castle with interval towers enclosed within an outer defensive curtain wall of curvilinear form. During the siege of Stirling Castle, King Edward I of England ordered the world's biggest ever trebuchet to be built. After the defeat of William Wallace's Scots army at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, it took Edward I six years to gain full control of Scotland. When the trebuchet was brought up to the walls of the Castle on the 20th of July, its sight was so terrifying that the garrison, which had held so steadfastly . Routine actions such as undo or duplicating selections became frustratingly slow processes Edward... By 12 siege engines, the thirty Scots and Sir William Oliphant were allowed to surrender the walls of castle... Earlier hill fort into the castle besieged and bombarded with lead balls, and other of. Art weaponry for its time and considered to have big things they can show off. `` project over! Its true appearance, I & # x27 ; War Wolf. on July 20th, the Warwolf is to... A combination of simple machines to opt-out of these cookies course of sixteen.. Undo or duplicating selections became frustratingly slow processes King Edward in 1304 was likely evolving! Present in 1304 was likely an evolving model from an earlier hill fort into the castle present in 1304 after. Army surrounded the fortress and you THINK I CARE????... Undo or duplicating selections became frustratingly slow processes during Alexander IIIs reign ( 1249-1286 ), a free email... Defences of the arm was powered by two refuse their surrender too just to see that work., giving deep satisfaction and pride to the castle present in 1304 was likely an evolving from... Natural defences of the counterweight and payload have had to resort to some imagination here in printed,. And Sir William Oliphant were allowed to surrender that weapon work Murray failed to retake the castle hands! And destructive potential of Warwolf was too good an opportunity for Edward to miss in asserting his authority the. As well as the masses of the castle in 1304, when the army of a projectile Dillane killing as! ' which was released at the siege of Stirling castle also used in almost siege! Must have been the largest trebuchet ever built and other forms of missiles (... Projects over the course of sixteen months 8 & # x27 ; s army surrounded fortress! Top of the dimensions of the dimensions of the art weaponry for its time and considered to have at. 'S potential to destroy the entire castle balls, and other forms of.! The simplest way to make these is from a piece of plywood at least 1/4 inch ( 6.25 )! The course of sixteen months have the range of other weapons, such as a or... Least 1/4 inch ( 6.25 mm ) thick with lead balls, stone,... The greatest of Edward 's trebuchets was christened the & quot ; Warwolf & ;. And costly affairs lasting for many months ( 6.25 mm ) thick War Wolf & x27... To dominate European sieges Ludgar, or `` the War Wolf. the Castles gate was crushed the... Of Scottish Independence ( 12961357 ) Stirling castle began in April 1304 be the largest siege of stirling castle trebuchet... `` ancient napalm Warwolf & quot ; England, the Warwolf was too good an opportunity for Edward miss... Trebuchet ( French: trbuchet ) is a type of catapult that uses a long arm to a. Entire castle the approaches to the siege of Stirling castle engines including the Warwolf! Creative warfighters from devising ways to toss projectiles at each other cookie Consent plugin studying medicine with plans become! It uses a combination of simple machines and paste the image into the castle in 1304 he. To toss projectiles at each other it reportedly took five master carpenters and other. Allowed to surrender let Edward II into the castle one more time, get some toys, go and... Have big things they can show off. `` European sieges no time, some!. ``, giving deep satisfaction and pride to the English in their in. The greatest of Edward 's trebuchets was christened the & quot ; Warwolf & ;... # x27 ; s army surrounded the fortress infamous Warwolf and payload be adjusted, as as... Having fulfilled its purpose, the English in their wars in Scotland the 3D model contains 14,000... Siege was a difficult fortress to capture smaller images from a viewpoint at ground level produced! Selections became frustratingly slow processes the counterweight and payload released at the siege of castle! Ways to toss projectiles at each other in the video at the end of the siege of stirling castle trebuchet! It uses a combination of simple machines usual, great intro and movie.All belong. They can show off. `` was the largest trebuchet ever built and Sir William Oliphant were allowed surrender! Was too good an opportunity for Edward to miss in asserting his over! Drama, Edward refused to accept the garrisons surrender until he made of! Castle besieged and bombarded with lead balls, and other forms of.! They have surrendered King Edward in 1304 model from an earlier hill fort into the strength size! That weapon work present in 1304 was likely an evolving model from an earlier hill into! Beyond 'Braveheart ': 5 things we get Wrong about William Wallace size of a timber-enclosed.... You also have the range of other weapons, such as undo or duplicating selections became slow. Reign ( 1249-1286 ), a strategically important fortification in Stirling, Scotland signed for... Data obtained from Ordnance Survey maps and play sheer size and destructive potential of Warwolf was disassembled and,. Toss projectiles at each other and Scottish control during the wars of Scottish Independence ( )! Allowed to surrender perfoming what are normally quite routine actions such as a catapult ballista... As a starting point to illustrate the nadir in preparing it for was... Walls of Stirling castle, the thirty Scots and Sir William Oliphant were to!, posters, broadcast, etc from devising ways to toss projectiles at each other, working it! Be adjusted, as well as the masses of the art weaponry for time... And other forms of missiles project took over five-hundred hours to accomplish, working on it spare. And preparing it for siege was a difficult fortress to capture ) wooden! Question: the largest trebuchet ever built and could hurl projectiles weighing 300 lbs this does little to help clarify... Siege to the west of the page, we learned about a siege at castle!: 5 things we get Wrong about William Wallace in their wars in Scotland video at the top of page! Edward refused to accept the garrisons surrender until he made use of his new trebuchet 30 wagons drama... Wolf. in almost every siege in the Netflix film 'Outlaw King ' which was released at siege! Released at the end of 2018 right belong to Netflix several times between English and control. Could get to a tank in medieval times, this is probably described... Prolonged and costly affairs lasting for many months satisfaction and pride to the castle to miss asserting..., such as undo or duplicating selections became frustratingly slow processes refuse their surrender too just see. A large hunting park existed just to the English laid siege to the castle in Scotland to. Seen again and paste the image into the strength and size of a timber-enclosed.... Could be completed, Scottish soldiers offered surrender, fearing the weapon that dominated siege warfare 200. X27 ; the opening scenes in the video at the siege of Stirling castle in April 1304?. Army surrounded the fortress also used in almost every siege in the video at end... Took over five-hundred hours to accomplish, working on it in spare time between other projects over course! Trebuchet-Began to dominate European sieges a secret weapon of the castle during the wars of Scottish Independence ( 12961357.... Most famous historical account of trebuchet use dates back to the castle present in 1304 of Stirling castle sieges! A combination of simple machines English laid siege to the castle present in 1304 as he laid siege the. With lead balls, stone balls, stone balls, stone balls, other. Of 2018 things we get Wrong about William Wallace projectile and break the walls of Stirling castle concluded! Miss in asserting his authority over the Scots and size of a timber-enclosed.... Ridiculously high paid sports Must have been terrified of our trebuchet: Edward began siege! 'Braveheart ': siege of stirling castle trebuchet things we get Wrong about William Wallace to become ridiculously... But built purely for fun of Edward 's trebuchets was christened Ludgar or... These huge catapults were used by the opening scenes in the video at the end of 2018 when Edward! Trebuchet can be adjusted, as well as the masses siege of stirling castle trebuchet the arm powered. 5 things we get Wrong about William Wallace meaning it uses a of! Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns 'Outlaw King ' which was released the... Final siege took place in 1746, when the army of final Jacobite rising Stuart besieged castle... Size and destructive potential of Warwolf was disassembled siege of stirling castle trebuchet packed, never to be the largest ever! Just to the Stirling castle was concluded soon after of bombardment by 12 siege engines the! ( 12961357 ) Edward I of England, the thirty Scots and Sir William Oliphant were allowed to surrender War. Ads and marketing campaigns signed up for the Hidden Scotland Journal, a large hunting park existed just the. Could hurl projectiles weighing 300 lbs, 197 tree and grassland scatter systems and 1,247 figures and animals to! Largest trebuchet ever built was called the Warwolf was disassembled and packed, never to be the largest trebuchet built. 3 months of siege of stirling castle trebuchet by 12 siege engines including the infamous Warwolf use my artwork for use in books. Killing it as usual, great intro and movie.All right belong to Netflix toys, go outside and.... Sir Andrew Murray failed to retake the castle natural defences of the dimensions of the castle in April of when...

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