rick wakeman wife

Perivale, Ealing, London, England, United Kingdom. A Horrible Experience of Childhood: Along with lots of good experiences I have some horrible . The track "Birdman of Alcatraz" was used as the theme music to the BBC drama series My Son, My Son and subsequently released as a single. Yes made Fragile in five weeks, partly to resume touring quickly so they could finance a new set of keyboards for Wakeman. [170] Keith Emerson was also a close friend of Wakeman's and expressed admiration for his work. He got together with very young and talented New York jazz musicians, in another aesthetic . 1984 was released in June 1981 and reached number 24 in the UK. [132], In 1998, he started work on Return to the Centre of the Earth, a sequel album to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Journey to the Centre of the Earth. [3] He was awarded a CBE for his services to music and broadcasting in 2021. The initial run of 14 dates were so successful, Wakeman completed a further 24 dates in the following year. [52] That year, Yes followed Fragile with Close to the Edge which is considered a landmark progressive rock album and features Wakeman playing a church organ and harpsichord. The family spent their summer holidays in Exmouth. [59] In 2006, Wakeman clarified that his total dislike of the album is "not entirely true" and recognises some "very, very nice musical moments", but "we had too much for a single album but not enough for a double, so we padded it out and the padding is awful". But Bernie Worrell and Herbie Hancock are the funkmasters, and . He distanced himself from the group, and spent time in the bar at Morgan Studios and played on "Sabbra Caddabra" on Sabbath Bloody Sabbath by Black Sabbath in the adjacent studio. [102] In early 1984, Wakeman contributed three songs to the soundtrack of B.C. Ariela Weinberg Demands to See Biniyam Shibre's Phone: You're Such an A-Hole! Anderson credits love and faith as the key ingredients for his survival while in the hospital, his wife of 37 years, Jamie Anderson, was by his side the whole time. ZU VERKAUFEN! [10], That year he also formed a dance band called the Green Dolphin Trio, spending a year's residency at a social club in Alperton, and Curdled Milk, a joke on "Strange Brew" by Cream, to play at the annual school dance. "[56] The album reached No. Rick Wakeman, CBE 1949 518 - 2021 CBE [ ] Perivale 6 Atlantic Blues They worked on new studio material and performed live shows in 1996 which was released on Keys to Ascension (1996) and Keys to Ascension 2 (1997). [203] In 2022, he received the Musicians' Company Honorary Fellowship at the Royal College. [7] In 1966, he joined the Concordes, later known as the Concorde Quartet, playing dance and pop songs at local events with his cousin Alan Wakeman on saxophone and clarinet. Following its release in March 1975, the album went to No. Rick Wakeman - Six Wives Of Henry VIII (1973) Part 1 (Full Album) - YouTube 0:00 / 18:20 1. [110] Also in 1987, Wakeman put out his first of several Christian music albums titled The Gospels, a double album based on the four Gospels that features tenor vocalist Ramon Remedios, actor Robert Powell as narrator, and the Eton College Chapel Choir. The shows, though well received and a contributory factor to the album's commercial success, were expensive to produce. Only 35 Birotrons were produced. [172], In December 2011, Wakeman married journalist Rachel Kaufman. [186], Wakeman is a supporter of the British Conservative Party, saying he was "unique in [Yes] as a card-carrying Conservative". Wakeman toured the album worldwide for seven weeks, which featured a scaled down stage production compared to his previous tours.[84]. Rick Wakeman with us in California with our son Andrew, wife, Alison, and children. [200] In 1988 he was elected into the Lord's Taverners cricket charity, and was chairman of the Isle of Man branch with his wife in the early 1990s. [118] Around the same time, Wakeman scored the soundtrack to Bullet to Beijing, a made-for-television film starring Michael Caine and Jason Connery. They released No Expense Spared in 1993, Romance of the Victorian Age in 1994, and Vignettes in 1996. ", "Rick Wakeman's opens Rick's Plaice with new video", "Rick Wakeman CBE The Middlesex Connection", "Journey to the Centre - Rick Wakeman in Conversation", "Rick Wakeman elected King Rat by Grand Order of Water Rats", "A behind the scenes look at Inside the Freemasons", "Gold Badge Awards Archive 19901999 1997", "Rick Wakeman awarded honorary fellowship", "BBC Radio 4 Desert Island Discs, Rick Wakeman", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick_Wakeman&oldid=1133999070, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 14:24. Wakeman based the music around the themes of Symphony No. The initial idea for A Gallery Of The Imagination stems from Rick' first piano teacher, Mrs Symes, with whom he studied from the age five until his time at the Royal College Of Music. "[168], Keyboardists who have cited Wakeman as an influence included Dave Greenfield of the Stranglers[169] and Mark Kelly of Marillion, who cited Wakeman as his primary influence. [115][111] He returned to rock with Time Machine, loosely based on the science fiction novel by H. G. Wells and featuring Roy Wood and Tracy Ackerman as guest vocalists. They raise Benjamin as a couple (b. Other band. we are going to provide few vital informations like affairs, mariatal status, spous, hobbies and others within a table here. [12], Wakeman's prominence rose during his tenure with the folk rock group The Strawbs. [55] It was recorded in 1972 during gaps in touring and recording with Yes, and features members of the band, the Strawbs, and other guest musicians. He is credited on the final track, "Siberian Khatru". [39] With his income from the group failing to cover his mortgage and bills, in July 1971 Wakeman became faced with "one of the most difficult decisions" of his career after Bowie invited him to join his new backing band, The Spiders from Mars. "[53] The Close to the Edge Tour marked the first time Wakeman wore a cape on stage after a fan offered his own for one of the band members to wear. Arthur's knights' death to feast. [102], In 1984, Wakeman signed with the independent label President Records in an association that would last until 2007, for which he would produce almost 40 albums. The . He was sacked in the following year after not taking the dance music seriously enough, but was reinstated and performed in Reading. ", "Rick Wakeman's David Bowie tribute tracks will raise cash for Macmillan Cancer Support", "Rick Wakeman To Release New Studio Album", "Rick Wakeman announces the Grumpy Old Rock Star Tour", "Rick Wakeman reports a new prog album is in the works", "Rock art: Rick Wakeman reveals plans for multimedia album project, 'A Gallery of the Imagination', "Rick Wakeman to perform his classic solo albums at two London shows in 2023", "Grumpy Old Rick's Ramblings for December 2022", "The 27 greatest keyboard players of all time", "Marillion's Mark Kelly: Keyboards in Eden", "Rick Wakeman's Piano Journey Into Yes, Bowie", "The Love Child Rick Wakeman has Kept Secret for 18 Years", "Interview With The Legendary Rick Wakeman", "Rick Wakeman: "I was going to die unless I stopped smoking and drinking", "Grumpy Old Rick's Ramblings for February 2016", "Rick Wakeman - Piano Portraits - Press Pack", "Wogan returns to sport as chair of Fighting Talk on BBC Radio Five Live", "So what exactly is 'progressive' in politics? [138], Wakeman accepted an invitation to revive his English Rock Ensemble for a South American tour in September 2000, following a renewed interest in progressive rock there. FREE shipping Add to Favorites RICK WAKEMAN - The Six Wives Of Henry VIII Lp 1973 Keyboardist from Yes 1st solo lp Original Vintage Vinyl Record Album . Wakeman described the band's playing during his return: "It was far and away the best the band had ever been there was no staleness, there was a lot of freshness. Wakeman's most significant album of the 1990s was Return to the Centre of the Earth (1999), his first UK Top 40 album in 18 years, and his piano album Piano Portraits (2017) produced his first UK Top 10 album since 1975. He got the gig from an advert in Melody Maker. He then married Danielle Corminboeuf in 1980 but divorced the following year. Today, he lives happily in Norfolk with his fourth wife Rachel Kaufman, a 42-year-old journalist he met when she was interviewing him for this paper. The album features a solo track written by each member; Wakeman's track, "Cans and Brahms", is an adaptation of the third movement of Symphony No. [165] These days, he can be found with more modern instruments such as the Korg Kronos, Yamaha Montage, and the Memotron, a new digital version of the original Mellotron. He took up the piano at the age of six and began taking classical music lessons. 5 out of 5 stars (429) $ 15.00. [150][151] It features his English Rock Ensemble, the Orion Orchestra and English Chamber Choir conducted by Guy Protheroe, and narration by actor Peter Egan. [27] In 1970, Wakeman performed on Seasons by Magna Carta,[12] and records by Brotherhood of Man, Paper Bubble, Shawn Phillips, and White Plains. Wakeman's discography includes over 90 solo albums[2] spanning a range of musical styles. The original pressing included music Wakeman wrote for the TV film The Day After the Fair and the feature documentary Mackintosh. [173][172] They had one son, Benjamin (b. Wakeman continued with his solo career in parallel; in 1990 he revived his English Rock Ensemble with Holt, Fernandez, and Paton for a European tour and recorded a new rock score for a colourised re-release of The Phantom of the Opera, featuring Chrissie Hammond on vocals, put out as Phantom Power in 1991. With being stated, we hope he . RICK WAKEMAN - A Gallery Of The Imagination (2023) CD NEU *Verffentlichung 24. [68] The album has sold an estimated 14 million copies worldwide. [178] Wakeman quit smoking in 1979. In 2010, Wakeman was awarded the Spirit of Prog Award at the annual Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards. Released in 1988, Wakeman intended to record it with an orchestra and choir and put on a star-studded ice show, but the idea was cancelled due to lack of funds. Their self-titled album was released in 1989, and the tour marked Wakeman's first major US tour in ten years. The tour lasted until 1994, and was organised as Wakeman wished to tour with a second keyboardist to "free [him] up to do more things" on stage. 1,150 Rick Wakeman Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO All Sports Entertainment News Archival Browse 1,150 rick wakeman stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [100] A live album from the UK leg was released as Live at Hammersmith. [110] Wakeman reunited with David Bowie to play the piano on his 1986 single "Absolute Beginners". The couple had two sons, Oliver and Adam before divorcing in 1977. [7][48] The commercial success of Fragile allowed Wakeman to buy a new home in Gerrards Cross and start a car collection,[49] which he rented out through his new business, the Fragile Carriage Company. Just as you might find a vast array of styles in an 234864898408 [102] He then released a second album for Charisma, Cost of Living, a mixture of instrumental and rock tracks with Rice on vocals, which failed to impact the chart and "did nothing" to improve his finances. It's true, if we don't consider "Piano Vibrations" released in 1971 as his debut album. [119] Wakeman befriended fellow Isle of Man resident Norman Wisdom, and the two made an album together.[120]. [6][182] After it died, he bought Balinloning, a small horse that he had in care for a year and entered in races. It's very bizarre. Wakeman was the first person to hold both titles. The show increased his national profile and made him a regular in the after dinner speech circuit.[142]. [73] The tour continued to Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, finishing in March 1975. Wakeman performed the piece with the choir once more in 2011. 1974). I mean Jon's 73 now, I'm 67, and Trev's 65. "The Six Wives Of Henry VIII" is the debut studio album of Rick Wakeman and was released in 1973. In the 1970s, Wakeman met Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and bought Tropical Saint, a racehorse that belonged to her. Although Wakeman is a noted player of the grand piano, electric piano, pipe organ, Hammond organ, Minimoog and many later models of synthesiser, he is well known as a proponent (for a time) of the Mellotron an analogue electronic musical instrument that uses a bank of pre-recorded magnetic tape strips, each of which is activated by a separate key on its keyboard and lasts approximately 8 seconds. Rick Wakeman. Not quite as ubiquitous as Noddy Holder's voice coming out of a speaker in every shop, a solo tour by the piano maestro has still become a staple of the festive season. In mid-1995, Wakeman became involved with Phillip Gandey's family circus entertainment project Cirque Surreal, writing and recording "timeless" pieces to enhance the show's various characters. [27] He subsequently worked with David Biro to develop the Birotron, which used the then popular 8-track cassette format rather than tape strips. You Pretty Things", and "Life on Mars?" . 7 in the UK. ;[7] he quit in 1987 due to his busy work schedule, but remained active as an honourary vice-president. [160] This was followed by the release of Christmas Portraits, a Christmas-themed piano album. Tony Kaye was fired from Yes during the recording of Fragile in 1971. Rick Wakeman revisits his classic albums in two unique concerts with a band and choir! Also in January 2016, Wakeman performed a live piano version of "Life on Mars?" 11 March 1974). [82][83] Upon its release in April 1976, the album went to No. [72] In September and October 1974, he completed his debut North American tour, performing Journey to the Centre of the Earth plus selections from Six Wives with the National Philharmonic Orchestra, the Choir of America, and his rock band named The English Rock Ensemble. Years later, after divorcing his wife Nina and the passing of his parents, Wakeman has stated he no longer listens to this album as it brings him sadness. You were 62, she was 37. Plans to have the album adapted into a musical were cancelled after lawyers from Orwell's estate blocked its development. [75] The album was promoted with three sold-out shows at Wembley Arena with Wakeman performing with an orchestra, choir, and his rock band to a total of 27,000 people. [127] The tour marked the release of Wakeman with Wakeman, an album of keyboard compositions written and performed by the pair. [22] Among his first sessions were playing on Battersea Power Station by Junior's Eyes and, in June 1969, the Mellotron on "Space Oddity" by David Bowie for a 9 fee after Dudgeon needed a player, as neither knew much about the instrument. ARW, and piano albums. Wakeman has been married four times and has six children. [5] The group then performed a series of dates in Paris for a rock and roll circus with various bands backing the circus acts. They came about after Wakeman was offered to perform there to support a charitable foundation that supports a children's cancer hospital. Wakeman has openly stated his dislike for Union, partly due to the fact that session musicians were brought in to re-write and perform parts that he and Howe had already put down. Wakeman allows. Happy Birthday to the supremely talented former Broadway dancer, vocalist, dance & Pilates instructor, costume designer & manufacturer, mother, grandmother and | 30 comments on LinkedIn [124] In 1994, Wakeman completed the Simply Acoustic Tour, a series of solo piano concerts in the US in aid of ASSIST. [189], In September 2005, Wakeman began a weekly three-hour radio show on Planet Rock called Rick's Place, broadcasting Saturday mornings. [108][102] It was his first full-scale tour in four years, and his first shows in the US in over five. [101][7][102] A single from the album, "I'm So Straight I'm a Weirdo", featuring Wakeman on lead vocals, was released in 1980. [109] Also in 1985, a single of Wakeman's theme tunes for the television shows Lytton's Diary and Database was released. Starting in 2009, Wakeman revisited his three hit albums of the 1970s by performing them live with new and expanded arrangements. An urban legend claims that Wakeman got so frustrated with one Mellotron that he poured petrol on it and set fire to it, which he denied in a 2010 interview, but confirmed in a 2016 interview. [184] In 2009, he became a patron of Tech Music Schools. [34] He bought a Minimoog synthesiser at half price from actor Jack Wild, who thought that it was defective because it only played one note at a time. [198] Wakeman appears in his Masonic apron in the 2017 documentary series Inside the Freemasons. How Rick Wakeman created the Six Wives Of Henry VIII and how he took it back to Hampton Court in 2009 (Image credit: Lee Wilkinson) "It started in the same way as when I wanted to do a concert for Journey To The Centre Of The Earth in as much as it started very sensibly and then swiftly got out of hand. 67 in the US. (b. [64] A&M wanted to use better known musicians, but Wakeman wanted the album to be known for its music rather than the performers. The gig was attended by around 12 people. [85] He sold his Rolls-Royces, ended his Fragile car service company, and disbanded the English Rock Ensemble,[86] and saw further relief when A&M agreed to pay royalties in advance. The band originated when Anderson had become increasingly frustrated with Yes's commercial direction, and left the band to make music that reflected the band's 1970s sound. Together, they have a son, Benjamin (b. "[16] He adopted a more relaxed attitude to his studies, spending much of his time drinking in pubs and with the staff at the Musical Bargain Centre, a music shop in Ealing. 5-min read. It features Bruce Lynch, Frank Gibson Jr., and Tony Visconti as guest musicians. [201] In 2008, Wakeman gave a class to students of the London College of Music and later that year, received an honorary professorship from the college for his contributions to music. . Rick Wakeman married Rachel Kaufman, 37, in 2011 (Image: NC) He later married a recording studio secretary Danielle Corminboeuf, in 1980 who he shares one son, Benjamin, with. [50][51] In late 1971, Wakeman played two notable sessions, on "It Ain't Easy" on Bowie's album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars and on Orange by Al Stewart. [27], In June 2017, he was the castaway for the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs. Reissued on Vinyl In the 1990s, Wakeman bought a house by Playa de la Vistas in Tenerife. Tune In to Keyboard Legend Rick Wakeman's Web . In 2019, Wakeman was elected as an honorary member of his late father's Lodge. Listen, after Rick's next album he'll get the same thing. [137] The band featured a new line-up of Fernandez, Damian Wilson on vocals, Adam Wakeman on keyboards, Ant Glynne on guitar, and Lee Pomeroy on bass. [7], In 1968, Wakeman secured a place at the Royal College of Music in London, studying the piano, clarinet, orchestration, and modern music, with the intention of becoming a concert pianist. 19881997: ABWH, third and fourth Yes runs, 2009present: Revisiting classic 1970s albums, Yes feat. In 1980, after a four-year hiatus, Wakeman reformed the English Rock Ensemble for a European tour. The idea first came to Wakeman in 1991 during a tour of Italy, which led to discussions about the project with Atlantic Records that year about a re-recording of the original album with new equipment and arrangements, but the idea was rejected. [7] In 1963, at fourteen, Wakeman joined the Atlantic Blues, a local blues group that secured a year's residency at a mental health rehabilitation club in Neasden. He was omitted from the credits, and for many years, was not paid; Stevens later apologised and compensated Wakeman for the error. [19] During the session Wakeman met producers Tony Visconti, Gus Dudgeon, and Denny Cordell[20] Cordell was impressed with his performance and offered him more session work for artists at Regal Zonophone Records, which Wakeman accepted and he began skipping college in favour of sessions. The album went to No. He grows runner beans and potatoes and tweets. In 1983, he became chairman of Camberley Town F.C. At the age of 20, he married Rosaline Woolford on 28 March 1970[5] and had two sons, Oliver (b. [10] Wakeman used the money earned from their gigs to buy a Hohner Pianet, his first electronic instrument. She . After the crescendo-rock-band-crash of Anne of Cleeves, Catherine Howard proves to be the most memorable wife (I would argue), being the only one with a melody - and it is lovely. 7 in the UK and No. [40][41] Wakeman agreed to meet Yes as they rehearsed for their fourth album, Fragile (1971), and during his first tryout with the band, the basis of "Heart of the Sunrise" and "Roundabout" were put together. [103] Wakeman hosted the Channel 4 music show Gastank with Tony Ashton that aired in January and February 1983. [7], Wakeman's next album was Rock 'n' Roll Prophet, a humorous spoof on the pop duo The Buggles released in 1982 on his own label, Moon Records. [96], Wakeman's first album for Charisma was 1984, a concept rock album based on George Orwell's same-titled dystopian novel, with a band including Steve Barnacle on bass, Gary Barnacle on saxophone, and Frank Ricotti on drums. My wife Roz said she was horrified when she saw me come through arrivals. It's no secret that musician and composer Rick Wakeman has had his fair share . However, his contributions on that album were limited to performing as a session musician and he didn't compose any of the tracks on it. [74] Its a concept album based on King Arthur and its related characters and stories. Rick Wakeman - The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1973) Essential T-Shirt By ashirajoneri From $19.26 Spooky Tooth Essential T-Shirt By Michaela Grove From $20.86 Rick Wakeman - Journey to the Centre of the Earth Classic Essential T-Shirt By ernestoreedy41 From $22.47 Rick Wakeman - Journey to the Centre of the Earth Classic Classic T-Shirt [102] Wakeman took up work by recording the soundtrack to the official 1982 FIFA World Cup documentary film G'ol!, which was released around the same time as Cost of Living which hampered potential sales. As a prog fan I immediately think Rick Wakeman and Keith Emerson. The ambitious 'Journey To The Centre Of The Earth' was recorded on January 18, 1974, as Rick Wakeman recorded live with a choir, an orchestra, and a rock group. The couple had two sons, Oliver and Adam. Answer: Pete Willis was dismissed from Def Leppard during the recording of Pyromania in 1982. "[29][30] Wakeman's first major show with The Strawbs followed on 11 July 1970 at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, which was recorded and released as Just a Collection of Antiques and Curios. About Rick Wakeman is a 73 year old British Musician. From the North and the East. Professional Career In the year 1969, Rick received his initial recognition for being a member of "The Strawbs," the folk-rock group. [65] After cutting the album A&M refused to sell it, but as Wakeman was under contract with its US division, a cassette was sent to co-founder Jerry Moss who liked it and ordered its worldwide release. Eugene Kolimaga retires at the age 51 to dedicate more time with his wife and grandchildren. Richard Christopher Wakeman CBE (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist and composer best known as a former member of the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004, and for his solo albums released in the 1970s. The album was previewed with Wakeman performing excerpts on the BBC television show, The Old Grey Whistle Test. [116], In March 1988, in a move to improve their finances, Wakeman and Carter sold their Camberley home and moved to Peel on the Isle of Man. Alun Palmer. [102] The single "Glory Boys" became a minor pop hit in the UK. In September and October 2019, Wakeman embarked on his first solo tour of the US in 13 years, playing piano shows. Includes new interviews with Keith's children, his ex-wife, close personal friends, former partner Mari Kawaguchi, ex-ELP member Carl Palmer, Rick Wakeman, Lee Jackson, Jeff 'Skunk' Baxter, Alan White, Dave Kilminster, Marc Bonilla, Rachel Flowers, Darius Brubeck, Geoff Downes, and more. [110][119] In October 1997, Wakeman received a Golden Badge Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA), given for outstanding contributions to the British music and entertainment industry. I have a beautiful and wonderful childhood. . Because of the advent of digital keyboards at that time, and expensive components used in the instruments' manufacture, the Birotron was never a commercial or technical success. [185], He had a renewal of his Christian faith which began at around the time of his 1984 marriage to Carter. [69] On 27 July 1974, Wakeman headlined the Crystal Palace Garden Party concert, performing selections from Six Wives and Journey in its entirety. [135] In 2016, Wakeman announced he has diabetes. [158][159] In 2018, Wakeman released a follow-up album, Piano Odyssey, which also reached No. Sir Ector, Sir Bors, Sir Bladwain and Sir Bleoboris, the only surviving Knights of the . Rick Wakeman. "It's nuts at our age!" he laughs. [102] He wrote the soundtrack for the film She with assistance from Justin Hayward and Maggie Bell,[102] and his second Russell feature, Crimes of Passion, with Bell on vocals, Fernandez on drums, and past Strawbs bandmate Chas Cronk on bass. The couple had two sons, Oliver and Adam before divorcing in 1977. 4h . He wrote, "I didn't know who he was. Yes fired Anderson in 2008 while he was recovering from acute respiratory failure. Wakeman has often collaborated with his father, Rick Wakeman, and has released albums with him. Wakeman had doubts about its esoteric concept, and felt a lot of its music was too experimental which required further rehearsal. The Last Battle lyrics Artist: Rick Wakeman (Richard Christopher Wakeman) Album: The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table English A A The Last Battle Gone are the days of the knights Of the Round Table and fights Gallant men softly crying Brave armies dying The last battle soon to be lost Hearing of great civil war He worked with them till 1971. Rick Wakeman. 4 by Johannes Brahms played on electronic keyboards. on BBC Radio 2 as a tribute following the death of his old friend David Bowie. He found fame as keyboard player of the group Yes, and later as . FAQs about Rick Wakeman Is Rick Wakeman single or dating? [57] At the Melody Maker readers poll awards in September 1973, Wakeman came out first in the top keyboardist category. In January 1973, Wakeman released his debut solo album, The Six Wives of Henry VIII. [107] In March 1985, Wakeman finished work on his part of the soundtrack to the comedy film Playing for Keeps, which was followed by a tour of the UK, North America, and Australia to promote Silent Nights. A coach house on the site of their home was converted into a recording studio that Wakeman named Bajonor Studios, named after the first letters of his family. He has 6 children.

List Of Doctors At Colchester General Hospital, Lychee Rum Cocktail, Dr John Campbell Phd, Articles R