[141] In 1925, John T. Scopes, a high school teacher in Dayton, was tried and convicted for teaching evolution in violation of the state's recently passed Butler Act. Paleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. It is located in the upper South of the eastern United States and became the 16th state of the union in 1796. [325][326][327] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. WebThe University of Tennessee is comprised of the statewide Institute of Agriculture and Institute for Public Service Institute of Agriculture The UT Institute of Agriculture delivers real life solutions through $54.5 million in research, educational outreach to 3.3 million people and veterinary services to more than 21,000 animals annually. [415][416] Republicans currently hold the state's U.S. Senate seats, 7 out of 9 Congressional seats, 73 out of 99 state House seats, and 27 out of 33 state Senate seats. [206] The Nashville Basin has rich, fertile farmland,[207] and porous limestone bedrock very close to the surface underlies both the Nashville Basin and Eastern Highland Rim. ", "Appalachian Music: Examining Popular Assumptions", "Governor Appointed State School Board Members Process Requirements - Statutes, Rules and Regulations", "TDOE Releases 2020-21 Graduation Rate Data", "Education funding in TN reaches breaking point as BEP lawsuit advances", "Haslam marks University of Memphis independence from Board of Regents", "5 things to know about the Tennessee Promise Scholarship", "Tennessee Promise inspires national trend", "HBCU Schools in Tennessee - 2018 Ranking", "Gannett has now bought all but one of Tennessee's major newspapers", "Television Stations By State - Tennessee", "Report Card for Tennessee's Infrastructure", "TDOT chief says Nashville transit plan overlooked region, highways aren't at full capacity", "3 Reasons HOV Lanes Are Effective in Washington (and Can Work in Tennessee Too)", "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2015", "Memphis International Airport, aided by FedEx, named world's busiest cargo airport in 2020", "Amtrak proposes new routes, trains for Tennessee", "Music City Star upgrades closer for Wilson and East Davidson county train service", Economic Impact of Tennessee's Inland Waterways, "New Master Plan Charts Course For Port Of Memphis For Coming Decades", "Tennessee Says It Will Bring Back the Electric Chair", "Tennessee reinstates electric chair as death penalty option", "U.S. District Courts for the Districts of Tennessee", "Vision of Trust Management Model, Responsibility and Reform", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison Tennessee", "Chicago tribune. [435][436] In 2004, Republican President George W. Bush increased his margin of victory in the state to 14% from 4% in 2000. With the help of Northern investors, Chattanooga became one of the first industrialized cities in the South. "[134][135], Due to increasing racial segregation and poor standards of living, many black Tennesseans fled to industrial cities in the Northeast and Midwest as part of the first wave of the Great Migration between 1915 and 1930. [192][193] The Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone spans the entirety of East Tennessee from northwestern Alabama to southwestern Virginia, and is considered one of the most active zones in the Southeastern United States, frequently producing low-magnitude earthquakes. A new state park that traces the state's history, Bicentennial Mall, was opened at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville. [244], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, each of which has a county seat. [232] Middle Tennessee is home to many unusual and rare ecosystems known as cedar glades, which occur in areas with shallow limestone bedrock that is largely barren of overlying soil and contain many endemic plant species. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information [37][38] That same year, a French expedition led by missionary Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi River and became the first Europeans to map the Mississippi Valley. WebFind information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. [203], West of the Cumberland Plateau is the Highland Rim, an elevated plain that surrounds the Nashville Basin, a geological dome. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. [350], The Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) is the primary agency that is tasked with regulating and maintaining Tennessee's transportation infrastructure. [322], Tennessee has very little petroleum and natural gas reserves, but is home to one oil refinery, in Memphis. ", "Archaeology & the Native Peoples of Tennessee", McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, "Treaties and Land Cessions Involving the Cherokee Nation", "Andrew Johnson and Emancipation in Tennessee", "Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War", "This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee", "The Constitution of the United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Centennial Edition Interim Edition: Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 26, 2013s", "Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866", "Yellow fever epidemic changes course of Memphis history in 'Fever Season', "Sergeant York, War Hero, Dies; Killed 25 Germans and Captured 132 in Argonne Battle", "Tennessee Valley Authority created, May 18, 1933", The TVA Transmission System: Facts, Figures and Trends, "The TVA and the Relocation of Mattie Randolph", "Forced Relocations Presented More of an Ordeal than an Opportunity for Norris Reservoir Families", "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "Time Looks Back: The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "The last sermon, Memphis, April 3, 1968", "100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System", "Overton Park's Citizens and Their Successful Battle Against the Highway", "The world came to Knoxville in May 1982", "Sweet Lips and Rest of Tennessee Blow a Kiss", "Shooting the Rapids: How a Small East Tennessee Community Struck Olympic Gold", "States across U.S. still cling to outdated gay marriage bans", "A Lawyer, 40 Dead Americans, and a Billion Gallons of Coal Sludge", "Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people", "TVA to auction 62 parcels in Kingston after ash spill cleanup completed", "Nine things about Tennessee geography that may surprise you", "From Alabama to Wyoming, this is how each state got its shape", "Pieces of the Past: Supreme Court looked at controversy over Bristol border location", "How Georgia got its northern boundary and why we can't get water from the Tennessee River", "Are you prepared for an earthquake? [356], Education in Tennessee is administered by the Tennessee Department of Education. [66] The act allowed the territory to petition for statehood once the population reached 60,000. [142] Scopes was prosecuted by former Secretary of State and presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan and defended by attorney Clarence Darrow. [433] In the 2000 presidential election, Vice President Al Gore, who had previously served as a Democratic U.S. [218] Its tributaries are the Obion, Forked Deer, Hatchie, Loosahatchie, and Wolf rivers. [380], Interstate 40 (I-40) is the longest Interstate Highway in Tennessee, traversing the state for 455 miles (732km). Tennessee's major professional sports franchises. The University of Tennessee system operates four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Martin, and Pulaski; a Health Sciences Center in Memphis; and an aerospace research facility in Tullahoma. [451] The Tennessee Smokies, which have played continuously since 1972,[452] and Chattanooga Lookouts, which have played continuously since 1976,[453] are members of the Double-A classification Southern League. [404], Tennessee maintains four dedicated law enforcement agencies: the Tennessee Highway Patrol (THP), the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI), and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC). It owns 79 acres (32ha) in Henning, which the tribe placed into federal trust in 2012. [139] On July 9, 1918, Tennessee suffered the worst rail accident in U.S. history when two passenger trains collided head on in Nashville, killing 101 and injuring 171. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. [118] Johnson became vice president when Lincoln was reelected, and president after Lincoln's assassination in May 1865. The executive branch also includes several agencies, boards, and commissions, some of which are under the auspices of one of the cabinet-level departments. [202] The Cumberland Mountains, with peaks above 3,500 feet (1,100m), comprise the northeastern part of the Appalachian Plateau in Tennessee, and the southeastern part of the Cumberland Plateau is divided by the Sequatchie Valley. Hodges. Other major cities include Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. As observed on the map, the varied ranges of the Appalachian Mountain system geographically dominate the eastern third of Tennessee and include the Bald, Great Smoky, Holston, Stone, Unaka, and Unicoi mountains. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. As a result, Tennessee was the last state to secede and the first readmitted to the Union after the war.[14]. [410], Tennessee sends nine representatives to the United States House of Representatives. [372], Six television media marketsNashville, Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Tri-Cities, and Jacksonare based in Tennessee. About 14% of Tennesseans are non-religious, with 11% identifying as "Nothing in particular", 3% as agnostics, and 1% as atheists. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. [459] In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college teams play in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Tennessee is under the jurisdiction of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which has jurisdiction over three district courts in the state: the Eastern, Middle, and Western districts. [417] Tennessee does not require voters to declare a party affiliation when registering. Tennessee Governor Bill Lee's second term inauguration is set for Jan. 21, 2023. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. After the disenfranchisement of blacks, the Republican Party became a primarily white sectional party supported mostly in East Tennessee. [111] The last major battles in the state came when Army of Tennessee regiments under John Bell Hood invaded Middle Tennessee in the fall of 1864 in an effort to draw Sherman back. I-24 is an eastwest interstate that enters the state in Clarksville, passes through Nashville, and terminates in Chattanooga. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. [259] The foreign-born population consisted of approximately 49.9% from Latin America, 27.1% from Asia, 11.9% from Europe, 7.7% from Africa, 2.7% from Northern America, and 0.6% from Oceania. ORNL conducts scientific research in materials science, nuclear physics, energy, high-performance computing, systems biology, and national security, and is the largest national laboratory in the Department of Energy (DOE) system by size. The Tennessee Walking Horse, first bred in the region in the late 18th century, is one of the world's most recognized horse breeds. [357] The state also has many private schools. It earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" early in its history due to a strong tradition of military service. This time period has seen the birth of new economic sectors in the state and has positioned the Nashville and Clarksville metropolitan areas as two of the fastest-growing regions in the country. The highest average monthly precipitation usually occurs between December and April. Fog is a persistent problem in some areas, especially in East Tennessee. [79] Several Tennesseans took part in the Texas Revolution of 183536, including Governor Sam Houston and Congressman and frontiersman Davy Crockett, who was killed at the Battle of the Alamo. [411], The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians is Tennessee's only federally recognized Native American tribe. [285] Property taxes are the primary source of revenue for local governments. [65] North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory on May 26 of that year. [171] In 2006, the state constitution was amended to outlaw same-sex marriage. [294], The state ranks fourth nationwide in the production of tobacco, which is predominantly grown in the Ridge-and-Valley region of East Tennessee. [140] On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the 36th and final state necessary to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave women the right to vote. [121] In 1870, Southern Democrats regained control of the state legislature,[122] and over the next two decades, passed Jim Crow laws to enforce racial segregation. [306][307] The state is also one of the top producers of food and drink products, its second-largest manufacturing sector. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. I-155 is a branch route of I-55 that serves the northwestern part of the state. [119], The years after the Civil War were characterized by tension and unrest between blacks and former Confederates, the worst of which occurred in Memphis in 1866. [302] Two other automakers have assembly plants in Tennessee: General Motors in Spring Hill and Volkswagen in Chattanooga. [351], Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including blues, country, rock and roll, rockabilly, soul, bluegrass, Contemporary Christian, and gospel. [231] Some of the last remaining large American chestnut trees grow in the Nashville Basin and are being used to help breed blight-resistant trees. [146] As part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was created in 1933 to provide electricity, jobs, flood control, improved waterway navigation, agricultural development, and economic modernization to the Tennessee River Valley. [251] Knoxville, with about 190,000 inhabitants, and Chattanooga, with about 180,000 residents, are the third- and fourth-largest cities, respectively. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. They were checked by John Schofield at Franklin in November and completely dispersed by George Thomas at Nashville in December. [430] During this time, Democratic presidential nominees from Southern states, including Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton, tended to fare better in Tennessee than their Northern counterparts, especially among split-ticket voters outside the metropolitan areas. [399], Tennessee's highest court is the state Supreme Court. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. The state is one of eight states which require voters to present a form of photo identification. [317] Nuclear power is Tennessee's largest source of electricity generation, producing about 43.4% of its power in 2021. Four of these are Minor League Baseball clubs. Alvin C. York of Fentress County became one of the most famous and honored American soldiers of World War I. [104] Memphis fell to the Union in June after a naval battle on the Mississippi River. [456] Founded in 2009, Chattanooga FC began playing in the third-tier National Independent Soccer Association in 2020. [359], The state enrolls approximately 1 million K12 students in 137 districts. WebTennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! [b] Recent research suggests that the Cherokees adapted the name from the Yuchi word Tana-tsee-dgee, meaning "brother-waters-place" or "where-the-waters-meet". These mountains, which average 5,000 feet (1,500m) above sea level in Tennessee, contain some of the highest elevations in eastern North America. Local law enforcement is divided between county sheriff's offices and municipal police departments. 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